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feat(docs): Document the macro behavior.

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Peter Johanson 2022-03-16 04:09:10 +00:00 committed by Pete Johanson
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docs/docs/behaviors/macros.md Normal file
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---
title: Macro Behavior
sidebar_label: Macros
---
## Summary
The macro behavior allows configuring a list of other behaviors to invoke
when the macro is pressed and/or released.
## Macro Definition
Each macro you want to use in your keymap gets defined first, then bound in your keymap.
A macro definition looks like:
```
/ {
macros {
zed_em_kay: zed_em_kay {
label = "ZM_zed_em_kay";
compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro";
#binding-cells = <0>;
bindings
= <&macro_press &kp LSHFT>
, <&macro_tap &kp Z &kp M &kp K>
, <&macro_release &kp LSHFT>
;
};
};
};
```
:::note
The text before the colon (`:`) in the declaration of the macro node is the "node label", and is the text
used to reference the macro in your keymap
:::
The macro can then be bound in your keymap by referencing it by the label `&zed_em_kay`, e.g.:
```
raise_layer {
bindings = <&zed_em_kay>;
};
```
### Bindings
Like [hold-taps](/docs/behaviors/hold-tap), macros are created by composing other behaviors, and any of those behaviors can
be added to the `bindings` list, e.g.:
```
bindings
= <&to 1>
, <&bl BL_ON>
, <&kp Z &kp M &kp K &kp EXCLAMATION>
;
```
## Macro Controls
There are a set of special macro controls that can be included in the `bindings` list to modify the
way the macro is processed.
### Binding Activation Mode
Bindings in a macro are activated differently, depending on the current "activation mode" of the macro.
Available modes:
- Tap - The default mode; when in this mode, the macro will press, then release, each behavior in the `bindings` list. This mode is useful for
basic keycode output to hosts, i.e. when activating a `&kp` behavior.
- Press - In this mode, the macro will only trigger a press on each behavior in the `bindings` list. This is useful for holding down modifiers for some duration of a macro, e.g. `&kp LALT`.
- Release - In this mode, the macro will only trigger a release on each behavior in the `bindings` list. This is useful for releasing modifiers previously pressed earlier in the macro processing, e.g. `&kp LALT`.
To modify the activation mode, macro controls can be added at any point in the `bindings` list.
- `&macro_tap`
- `&macro_press`
- `&macro_release`
A concrete example, used to hold a modifier, tap multiple keys, then release the modifier, would look like:
```
bindings
= <&macro_press &kp LSHFT>
, <&macro_tap &kp Z &kp M &kp K>
, <&macro_release &kp LSHFT>
;
```
### Processing Continuation on Release
The macro can be paused so that only part of the `bindings` list is processed when the macro is pressed, and the remainder is processed once
the macro itself is released.
To pause the macro until release, use `&macro_pause_for_release`. For example, this macro will press a modifier and activate a layer when the macro is pressed. Once the macro is released, it will release the modifier and deactivate the layer by releasing the `&mo`:
```
bindings
= <&macro_press &mo 1 &kp LSHFT>
, <&macro_pause_for_release>
, <&macro_release &mo 1 &kp LSHFT>
;
```
### Wait Time
The wait time setting controls how long of a delay is introduced between behaviors in the `bindings` list. The initial wait time for a macro, 100ms by default, can
be set by assigning a value to the `wait-ms` property of the macro, e.g. `wait-ms = <20>;`. If you want to update the wait time at any
point in the macro bindings list, use `&macro_wait_time`, e.g. `&macro_wait_time 30`. A full example:
```
wait-ms = <10>;
bindings
= <&kp F &kp A &kp S &kp T>
, <&macro_wait_time 500>
, <&kp S &kp L &kp O &kp W>
;
```
### Tap Time
The tap time setting controls how long a tapped behavior is held in the `bindings` list. The initial tap time for a macro, 100ms by default, can
be set by assigning a value to the `tap-ms` property of the macro, e.g. `tap-ms = <20>;`. If you want to update the tap time at any
point in a macro bindings list, use `&macro_tap_time`, e.g. `&macro_tap_time 30`. A full example:
```
bindings
= <&macro_tap_time 10>
, <&kp S &kp H &kp O &kp R &kp T>
, <&macro_tap_time 500>
, <&kp L &kp O &kp N &kp G>
;
```
## Common Patterns
Below are some examples of how the macro behavior can be used for various useful functionality.
### Layer Activation + More
Macros make it easy to combine a [layer behavior](/docs/behaviors/layers), e.g. `&mo` with another behavior at the same time.
Common examples are enabling one or more modifiers when the layer is active, or changing the RBG underglow color.
To achieve this, a combination of a 0ms wait time and splitting the press and release between a `&macro_pause_for_release` is used:
#### Layer + Modifier
```
wait-ms = <0>;
bindings
= <&macro_press &mo 1 &kp LSHFT>
, <&macro_pause_for_release>
, <&macro_release &mo 1 &kp LSHFT>;
```
#### Layer + Underglow Color
To trigger a different underglow when the macro is pressed, and when it is released, we use the macro "press" activation mode whenever triggering the `&rgb_ug` behavior:
```
wait-ms = <0>;
tap-ms = <0>;
bindings
= <&macro_press &mo 1>
, <&macro_tap &rgb_ug RGB_COLOR_HSB(128,100,100)>
, <&macro_pause_for_release>
, <&macro_release &mo 1>
, <&macro_tap &rgb_ug RGB_COLOR_HSB(300,100,50)>;
```
### Keycode Sequences
The other common use case for macros is to sending sequences of keycodes to the connected host. Here, a wait and tap time of at least 30ms is recommended to
avoid having HID notifications grouped at the BLE protocol level and then processed out of order:
```
wait-ms = <40>;
tap-ms = <40>;
bindings
= <&kp Z &kp M &kp K>
, <&kp SPACE>
, <&kp R &kp O &kp C &kp K &kp S>
;
```
### Unicode Sequences
Many operating systems allow a special sequence to input unicode characters, e.g. [Windows alt codes](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/insert-ascii-or-unicode-latin-based-symbols-and-characters-d13f58d3-7bcb-44a7-a4d5-972ee12e50e0). You can use macros to insert there automatically, e.g.:
```
wait-ms = <40>;
tap-ms = <40>;
bindings
= <&macro_press &kp LALT>
, <&macro_tap &kp N0 &kp N1 &kp N6 &kp N3>
, <&macro_release &kp LALT>
;
```
## Convenience C Macro
To avoid repetition or possible typos when declaring a macro, a convenience _C_ macro, named `ZMK_MACRO(name, props)` can be used to simplify things:
```
ZMK_MACRO(my_macro,
wait-ms = <30>;
tap-ms = <40>;
bindings = <&kp Z &kp M &kp K>;
)
```
This can be used instead of a complete macro definition. During the firmware build process, the example above would produce the complete macro definition below:
```
my_macro: my_macro {
compatible = "zmk,behavior-macro";
label = "ZM_my_macro";
#binding-cells = <0>;
wait-ms = <30>;
tap-ms = <40>;
bindings = <&kp Z &kp M &kp K>;
};
```
Using the C macro is entirely optional, and is provided only as a convenience.

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docs/docs/intro.md
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ ZMK is currently missing some features found in other popular firmware. This tab
| [Backlight](features/backlight.md) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| One Shot Keys | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [Combo Keys](features/combos.md) | ✅ | | ✅ |
| Macros | 🚧 | ✅ | ✅ |
| [Macros](behaviors/macros) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Mouse Keys | 🚧 | ✅ | ✅ |
| Low Active Power Usage | ✅ | | |
| Low Power Sleep States | ✅ | ✅ | |

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docs/sidebars.js
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@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ module.exports = {
"behaviors/hold-tap",
"behaviors/mod-tap",
"behaviors/mod-morph",
"behaviors/macros",
"behaviors/sticky-key",
"behaviors/sticky-layer",
"behaviors/tap-dance",